Ě

12 Кві, 2025

You can click on an image, and later do zooming.

Dialects

A source of the maps is AUM.

Polêsjje, Middle Naddnêpro & adjacent areas

More info about mentioned areas:

• Polêsjje — basically northern one.
• Naddnêpro — middle one, and (one of) a core of the current standard language.

Reflexes of stressed ě after dental, l

[i] red dots

dʲ[i]d, 'dʲ[i]tı, 'lʲ[i]ztı, 'tʲ[i]lo, 'sʲ[i]no, 'sʲ[i]tkɐ, sʲlʲ[i]d, sʲnʲ[i]ɦ, t͡sʲ[i]p…

[ɛ] green dots

dʲ[ɛ]d, 'dʲ[ɛ]tı (-tʲi), 'lʲ[ɛ]ztı (-tʲ), 'tʲ[ɛ]lo, 'sʲ[ɛ]no, 'sʲ[ɛ]tkɐ, sʲlʲ[ɛ]d, sʲnʲ[ɛ]ɦ, t͡sʲ[ɛ]p…

[i͡ɛ] black dots

dʲ[i͡ɛ]d, 'dʲ[i͡ɛ]tʲi, 'lʲ[i͡ɛ]ztʲi, 'tʲ[i͡ɛ]lo, 'sʲ[i͡ɛ]no, 'sʲ[i͡ɛ]tkɐ, sʲlʲ[i͡ɛ]d, sʲnʲ[i͡e]ɦ, t͡sʲ[i͡e]p…

Equivalents to stressed ě (děrka)

[i] red dots

'dʲ[i]rkɐ

[ı] green dots

'd[ı]rkɐ

[u] black dots

'dʲ[u]rkɐ

Reflexes of stressed ě (xlêv)

[i] red dots

xlʲ[i]u̯

[ı] green dots

xl[ı]u̯

[ɛ] yellow dots

xlʲ[ɛ]u̯

[u] blue dots

xlʲ[u]u̯

[i͡ɛ] brown dots

xlʲ[i͡ɛ]u̯

[u͡ı] violet dots

xlʲ[u͡ı]u̯

[u͡ɔ] black dots

xlʲ[u͡ɔ]u̯

Reflexes of stressed ě after [r]

[i] red dots

'rʲ[i]t͡ʃkɐ, 'rʲ[i]dko, ɦo'rʲ[i]x, st'r[i]tı…

[ı] green dots

'r[ı]t͡ʃkɐ, 'r[ı]dko, (ɦ)o'r[ı]x, st'r[ı]tı (-t(ʲ))…

[ɛ] yellow dots

'rʲ[ɛ]t͡ʃkɐ, 'rʲ[ɛ]dko, (ɦ)o'rʲ[ɛ]x, st'r[ɛ]t(ʲ)…

[i͡ɛ] black dots

'rʲ[i͡ɛ]t͡ʃkɐ, 'rʲ[i͡ɛ]dko, (ɦ)o'rʲ[i͡ɛ]x, st'r[i͡ɛ]t(ʲ)…

[rj] blue strips

[r'j]it͡ʃkɐ, [r'j]ɛt͡ʃkɐ, [r'j]i͡ɛt͡ʃkɐ, [r'j]idko…

[r] before [ı], [ɛ], [ı͡ɛ]

'[r]ıt͡ʃkɐ, '[r]ɛt͡ʃkɐ, '[r]ı͡ɛt͡ʃkɐ, '[r]ıdko…

Reflexes of stressed ě (xrên)

[i] red dots

xrʲ[i]n

[ı] green dots

xr[ı]n

[ɛ] yellow dots

xr[ɛ]n

[ɔ] blue dots

xr[ɔ]n

[i͡ɛ], [ı͡ɛ] black

xrʲ[i͡ɛ]n, xr[ı͡ɛ]n

Reflexes of stressed ě after labial consonants

[i] red dots

'bʲ[i]lıi̯, o'bʲ[i]d, 'ʋʲ[i]ter, 'ʋʲ[i]rɐ, 'pʲ[i]ʃkı…

[ı] green dots

'b[ı]lı(i̯), o'b[ı]d, 'ʋ[ı]tɛr, 'ʋ[ı]rɐ, 'p[ı]ʃkı…

[ɛ] yellow dots

'bʲ[ɛ]lı(i̯), o'bʲ[ɛ]d, 'ʋʲ[ɛ]tɛr, 'ʋʲ[ɛ]rɐ, 'pʲ[ɛ]ʃkı…

[i͡ɛ] black dots

'bʲ[i͡ɛ]lı(i̯), o'bʲ[i͡ɛ]d, 'ʋʲ[i͡ɛ]tɛr, 'ʋʲ[i͡ɛ]rɐ, 'pʲ[i͡ɛ]ʃkı…

[Cj] blue strips

[b'j]ilı(i̯), [b'j]ılı(i̯), [b'j]elı(i̯), [b'j]i͡ɛlı(i̯), [ʋ'j]itɛr…

[C] before [ı], [ɛ], [ı͡ɛ] brown strips

['b]ılı(i̯), ['b]ɛlı(i̯), ['b]ı͡ɛlı(i̯), ['ʋ]ɛrɐ, ['p]ıʃkı…

Reflexes of stressed ě after a cluster of coronal + labial

[i] red dots

sʲʋʲ[i]t, zʲʋʲ[i]r, sʲmʲ[i]x, zʲmʲ[i]i̯…

[ı] green dots

s(ʲ)ʋ[ı]t, z(ʲ)ʋ[ı]r, s(ʲ)m[ı]x, z(ʲ)m[ı]i̯…

[ɛ] yellow dots

s(ʲ)ʋʲ[ɛ]t, z(ʲ)ʋʲ[ɛ]r, s(ʲ)mʲ[ɛ]x, z(ʲ)mʲ[ɛ]i̯…

[i͡ɛ], [ı͡ɛ] black dots

s(ʲ)ʋʲ[i͡ɛ]t (s(ʲ)ʋ[ı͡ɛ]t), z(ʲ)ʋʲ[i͡ɛ]r (z(ʲ)ʋ[ı͡ɛ]r), s(ʲ)mʲ[i͡ɛ]x (s(ʲ)m[ı͡ɛ]x), z(ʲ)mʲ[i͡ɛ]i̯ (z(ʲ)m[ı͡ɛ]i̯)…

[C] blue strips

s(ʲ)[ʋ]ıt, z(ʲ)[ʋ]ır, s(ʲ)[m]ıx, z(ʲ)[m]ıi̯ (s(ʲ)[ʋ]et, z(ʲ)[ʋ]er, s(ʲ)[m]ex, z(ʲ)[m]ei̯, s(ʲ)[ʋ]ı͡ɛt, z(ʲ)[ʋ]ı͡ɛr, s(ʲ)[m]ı͡ɛx, z(ʲ)[m]ı͡ɛi̯)

Reflexes of non-stressed ě after dental, l

[i] red dots

dʲ[i]'dɔk (dʲ[i]'dı), dʲ[i]'lɑ, dʲ[i]'tɛi̯, tʲ[i]'lɑ, 'pɔzʲ[i]xı, sʲ[i]no'kʲis, t͡sʲ[i]'pılʲno, lʲ[i]'sı (lʲ[i]'sɑmı), xlʲ[i]'bı (-'bɑ), u xlʲ[i]'ʋʲi, u ɦnʲ[i]z'dʲi…

[ı] green dots

d[ı]'dɔk (d[ı]'dı), d[ı]'lɑ, d[ı]'tɛi̯, t[ı]'lɑ, 'pɔz[ı]xı, sʲ[i]no'kʲis (-'ku͡ıs…), t͡s[ı]'pılʲno, l[ı]'sı (l[ı]'sɑmı), xl[ı]'bı (-'bɑ), u xl[ı]'ʋʲi, u ɦn[ı]z'dʲi…

[ɛ] black dots

dʲ[ɛ]'dɔk (dʲ[ɛ]'dı), dʲ[ɛ]'lɑ, dʲ[ɛ]'tɛi̯, tʲ[ɛ]'lɑ, 'pɔzʲ[ɛ]xı, sʲ[ɛ]no'kʲis (-'ku͡ıs…), t͡sʲ[ɛ]'pılʲno, lʲ[ɛ]'sı (lʲ[ɛ]'sɑmı), xlʲ[ɛ]'bı (-'bɑ), u xlʲ[ɛ]'ʋʲi͡ɛ, u ɦnʲ[ɛ]zdʲi͡ɛ…

[æ…ɑ] black dots

dʲ[æ]'dɔk, dʲ[æ]'lɑ, tʲ[æ]'lɑ, 'pozʲ[æ]xı, lʲ[æ]'sı…

[d], [t], [z], [s], [t͡s], [n], [l] before [ı], [ɛ] yellow strips

[d]ı'dɔk, [d]ɛ'dɔk, [t]ı'lɑ, [t]ɛ'lɑ, 'pɔ[z]ıxı, 'pɔ[z]ɛxı, [t͡s]ı'pılʲno, [t͡s]ɛ'pılʲno, [l]ı'sı…

Just in case, an explanation of some specific notions of local system in original (Ukrainian).

eᵃ

звук переднього ряду, підняття низьке підвищене, наближений до [ӓ] (нʼeᵃ'су)

ӓ

нелабіалізований, голосний переднього ряду низького підняття (уп'йӓтʼ)

Thus in IPA:

• ӓ → a
• eᵃ → æ as the closest sound and under the explanation.

Reflexes of non-stressed ě (pasěka)

[i] red dots

'pɑsʲ[i]kɐ

[ı] green dots

'pɑs[ı]kɐ

[ɛ] yellow dots

'pɑsʲ[ɛ]kɐ

[ɛ…æ] light-yellow dots

'pɑsʲ[æ]kɐ

[o] black dots

'pɑs[o]kɐ

[s] before [ɛ], [ı], [o] blue strips

'pɑ[s]ɛkɐ, 'pɑ[s]ıkɐ, 'pɑ[s]okɐ

inputted [u̯] brown strips

'pɑsʲi[u̯]kɐ

inputted [i̯] pink strips

'pɑsʲi[i̯]kɐ

Equivalents to non-stressed ě (cêluvatı)

[i] red dots

t͡sʲ[i]lʊ'ʋɑtı

[ı] green dots

t͡s[ı]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-t(ʲ))

[ɛ] yellow dots

t͡s(ʲ)[ɛ]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-t(ʲ))

[o] blue dots

t͡s(ʲ)[o]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-t(ʲ))

[ɐ] brown dots

t͡s[ɐ]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ)

[ʊ] black dots

t͡sʲ[ʊ]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-t(ʲ))

[lʲ] brown strips

t͡sʲʊ[l]ʲʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ)

Reflexes of non-stressed ě after labial consonants

[i] red dots

ʋʲ[i]d'rɔ, mʲ[i]'ʃɔk, pʲ[i]'sɔk, vʲ[i]t'rı…

[ı] green dots

ʋ[ı]d'rɔ, m[ı]'ʃɔk, p[ı]'sɔk, v[ı]t'rı…

[ɛ] yellow dots

ʋʲ[ɛ]d'rɔ, mʲ[ɛ]'ʃɔk, pʲ[ɛ]'sɔk, vʲ[ɛ]t'rı…

[æ…ɑ] light-yellow dots

ʋʲ[æ]d'rɔ, mʲ[æ]'ʃɔk, pʲ[æ]'sɔk, vʲ[æ]t'rı…

[Cj] yellow strips

[ʋj]id'rɔ, [ʋj]ɛd'rɔ, [ʋj]ɑd'rɔ, [pj]i'sɔk…

[C] before [ı], [ɛ], [æ], [ɑ] blue strips

[ʋ]ɛd'rɔ, [ʋ]ıd'rɔ, [ʋ]ɑd'rɔ, [m]ɛ'ʃɔk, [m]ı'ʃɔk, [m]ɑ'ʃɔk…

Reflexes of non-stressed ě (spěvaje)

[i] red dots

spʲ[i]'ʋɑ(je)

[ı] green dots

sp[ı]'ʋɑje

[ɛ] yellow dots

sp[ɛ]'ʋɑje

[o] black dots

sp[o]'ʋɑje

['pʲɛ'jɛ] blue strips

«spěvaje»

Volınj, Naddnêstro, Zakarpatjje & adjacent areas

More info about mentioned areas:

• Volınj — north-western part
• Naddnêstro — western (another core of the current standard language)
• Zakarpatjje — beyond the Carpathian mountains

Reflexes of stressed ě after coronal consonants

[i] red dots

'tʲ[i]lo, dʲ[i]d, 'dʲ[i]tı, 'sʲ[i]no, snʲ[i]ɦ, slʲ[i]d, 'lʲ[i]ztı, u ɦnʲiz'dʲ[i], na sto'lʲ[i]

[i] small red dots

only in flexions as: ɦnʲiz'dʲ[i], na sto'lʲ[i]

[ı] green dots

't[ı]lo, d[ı]d, 'd[ı]tı, 's[ı]no, sn[ı]ɦ, sl[ı]d, 'l[ı]ztı, u ɦnʲez'd[ı], na sto'l[ı]

[ɛ] yellow dots

'tʲ[ɛ]lo, dʲ[ɛ]d, 'dʲ[ɛ]tı, 'sʲ[ɛ]no, snʲ[ɛ]ɦ, slʲ[ɛ]d, 'lʲ[ɛ]ztı, u ɦnez'dʲ[ɛ], na sto'lʲ[ɛ]

[i͡ɛ] black dots

'tʲ[i͡ɛ]lo, dʲ[i͡ɛ]d, 'dʲ[i͡ɛ]tı, 'sʲ[i͡ɛ]no, snʲ[i͡ɛ]ɦ, slʲ[i͡ɛ]d, 'lʲ[i͡ɛ]ztı, u ɦnʲez'dʲ[i͡ɛ], na sto'lʲ[i͡ɛ]

Equivalents to stressed ě (děrka, děra)

[i] red dots

'dʲ[i]rkɐ

[i] white dots with red border

'd[i]rɐ

[i] red strips

dʲ[i]r'kɑ

[ı] green dots

'd[ı]rkɐ

[ı] white dots with green border

'd[ı]rɐ

[ı] green strips

d[ı]'rɑ

[ɛ] yellow dots

'dʲ[ɛ]rkɐ

[ɛ] white dots with yellow border

'dʲ[ɛ]rɐ

[i] yellow strips with direction ↗

dʲ[ɛ]'rɑ

[i] yellow strips with direction ↖

dʲ[ɛ]r'kɑ

[u] black dots

'dʲ[u]rkɐ

[u] white dots with black border

'd[u]rɐ

[ʊ] black strips

dʲ[ʊ]'rɑ

[d͡ʑ] solid border

'[d͡ʑ]urkɐ, [d͡ʑ]ʊ'rɑ

[d͡zʲ] dashed border

'[d͡zʲ]irkɐ, '[d^d͡zʲ]irkɐ

Just in case, some notions:

Дуже ослаблена (зредукована) вимова звуків зображається літерою меншого розміру, що виноситься трохи вгору (сʼнʼі^г, радʼісʼ^тʼ, ка^е).

Small suptext means weak pronouncing.

Серед знаків для приголосних у новій транскрипції виявились цʼʼ і дзʼʼ (або zʼʼ) — для африкат [цʼ] і [д͡зʼ], що їх акустично сприймають як середні між м’якими [цʼ] і [чʼ], [ʒʼ] і [ʒʼʼ].

Thus I understand [ʒʼʼ] as [d͡ʑ]. To be honest, need additional verification.

Reflexes of stressed ě after [r]

[i] red dots

'rʲ[i]t͡ʃkɐ, 'rʲ[i]dko, ɦo'rʲ[i]x, strʲ[i]x, zʊst'rʲ[i]tı…

[ı] green dots

'r[ı]t͡ʃkɐ, 'r[ı]dko, ɦo'r[ı]x, str[ı]x, zʊst'r[ı]tı…

[ɛ] yellow dots

'rʲ[ɛ]t͡ʃkɐ, 'rʲ[ɛ]dko, ɦo'rʲ[ɛ]x, strʲ[ɛ]x, zʊst'rʲ[ɛ]tı…

[i͡ɛ] black dots

'rʲ[i͡ɛ]t͡ʃkɐ, 'rʲ[i͡ɛ]dko, ɦo'rʲ[i͡ɛ]x, strʲ[i͡ɛ]x, zʊst'rʲ[i͡ɛ]tı…

Reflexes of stressed ě (xrên)

[i] red dots

xrʲ[i]n

[ı] green dots

xr[ı]n

[ɛ] yellow dots

xr[ɛ]n

[ɔ] blue dots

xr[ɔ]n

[i͡ɛ] black

xrʲ[i͡ɛ]n

[nʲ] red strips

xrʲi[nʲ], xrı[nʲ], xrɛ[nʲ]

Reflexes of stressed ě after labial consonants

[i] red dots

'bʲ[i]lıi̯, o'bʲ[i]d, 'ʋʲ[i]ter, 'pʲ[i]ʃkı, 'mʲ[i]sʲɐt͡s(ʲ), smʲ[i]x…

[ı] green dots

'b[ı]lıi̯, o'b[ı]d, 'ʋ[ı]ter, 'pʲ[i]ʃkʲi, 'm[ı]sʲɐt͡s(ʲ), sm[ı]x…

[ɛ] yellow dots

'bʲ[ɛ]lıi̯, o'bʲ[ɛ]d, 'ʋʲ[ɛ]ter, 'pʲ[ɛ]ʃkʲi, 'mʲ[ɛ]sʲɐt͡s, smʲ[ɛ]x…

[i͡ɛ] black dots

'bʲ[i͡ɛ]lıi̯, o'bʲ[i͡ɛ]d, 'ʋʲ[i͡ɛ]ter, 'pʲ[i͡ɛ]ʃkʲi, 'mʲ[i͡ɛ]sʲɐt͡s, smʲ[i͡ɛ]x…

[Cj] solid strips

[b'j]ilıi̯, [v'j]iter, [m'j]isʲɐt͡sʲ

[Cj] dashed strips with ↖ direction

only after consonant: s[mj]ex

[mnʲ] dashed strips with ↗ direction

[m'nʲ]isʲat͡sʲ

Reflexes of stressed ě (věra, zvěr)

[i] red dots

'vʲ[i]rɐ

[ı] green dots

'v[ı]rɐ

[ɛ] yellow dots

'vʲ[ɛ]rɐ

[i͡ɛ] black

'vʲ[i͡ɛ]rɐ

[ı] green strips

zv[ı]r

[ɛ] yellow strips

zvʲ[ɛ]r

[ɛ] brown strips

zvʲ[i͡ɛ]r

Reflexes of non-stressed ě after coronal consonants

[i] red dots

stʲ[i]'nɑ, dʲ[i]'dɔk

[ı] green dots

st[ı]'nɑ, d[ı]'dɔk

[ɛ] black dots

st[ɛ]'nɑ, d[ɛ]'dɔk

[ı] green strips

l[ı]'sɑmı

[ɛ] brown strips

l[ɛ]'sɑmı

[ɛ] within black border

s[ɛ]'dɑtı

[ɐ] within yellow border

sʲ[ɐ]'dɑtı

Equivalents to non-stressed ě (cêluvatı)

[i] red dots

t͡sʲ[i]lʊ'ʋɑtı

[ı] green dots

t͡s[ı]lʊ'ʋɑtı

[ɛ] yellow dots

t͡s(ʲ)[ɛ]lʊ'ʋɑtı

[o] blue dots

t͡s(ʲ)[ɛ]lʊ'ʋɑtı

[ʊ] yellow dots

t͡sʲ[ʊ]lʊ'ʋɑtı

[t͡s] red strips

[t͡s]ılʊ'ʋɑtı, [t͡s]olʊ'ʋɑtı

[lʲ] blue strips

t͡sʲi[lʲ]ʊ'ʋɑtı, t͡sʲʊ[lʲ]ʊ'ʋɑtı

Reflexes of non-stressed ě after labial consonants

[i] red dots

mʲ[i]'ʃɔk

[ı] green dots

m[ı]'ʃɔk

[ɛ] yellow dots

m[ɛ]'ʃɔk

[Cj] green strips

p[ı]'sɔk

[ɛ] red strips

p[ɛ]'sɔk

Equivalents to non-stressed ě (vědro)

[i] red dots

ʋʲ[i]d'rɔ

[ı] green dots

ʋ[ı]d'rɔ

[ɛ] yellow dots

ʋ[ɛ]d'rɔ

[o] blue dots

ʋ[o]d'rɔ

[ɐ] black dots

ʋ[o]d'rɔ

Stressed position

[i] red strips

'ʋʲ[i]dro

[ɐ] yellow strips

'ʋ[ɛ]dro

Doneččına, Slobožanščına & adjacent areas

The newest Ukrainian dialects, thus maybe thatʼs why not so much maps about our topic.

• Doneččına as region, and Steppe dialect.
• Slobožanščına

Equivalents to stressed ě (xrên)

[i] red dots

xrʲ[i]n

[ɔ] green dots

xr[ɔ]n

[ɛ] yellow dots

xr(ʲ)[ɛ]n

Equivalents to non-stressed ě (cěluvatı)

[i] red dots

t͡sʲ[i]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ)

[ı] green dots

t͡s[ı]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ)

[ɛ] yellow dots

t͡s[ɛ]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ)

[ʊ] blue dots

t͡sʲ[ʊ]lʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ)

[lʲ] brown strips

t͡sʲi[lʲ]ʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ), t͡sı[lʲ]ʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ), t͡se[lʲ]ʊ'ʋɑtı (-tʲ)

#анґлійською #українська #фонолоґія